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The Epic Interactive Enc…lopedia of the Paranormal
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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia of the Paranormal (1997).iso
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devil
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1992-09-02
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In Jewish, Christian, and Muslim theology, the supreme spirit of evil
(Beelzebub, Lucifer, Iblis), or an evil spirit generally.
The devil, or Satan, is mentioned only in the more recently written
books of the Old Testament, but the later Jewish doctrine is that found
in the New Testament. The concept of the devil passed into the early
Christian church from Judaism, and theology until at least the time of
St Anselm represented the Atonement as primarily the deliverance,
through Christ's death, of mankind from the bondage of the devil. Jesus
recognized as a reality the kingdom of evil, of which Satan or Beelzebub
was the prince. In the Middle Ages the devil in popular superstition
assumed the attributes of the horned fertility gods of paganism, and was
regarded as the god of witches. The belief in a personal devil was
strong during the Reformation, and the movement's leader Luther regarded
himself as the object of a personal Satanic persecution. With the
development of liberal Protestantism in the 19th century came a strong
tendency to deny the existence of a positive spirit of evil, and to
explain the devil as merely a personification.
In Muslim theology, Iblis is one of the jinn (beings created by Allah
from fire) who refused to prostrate himself before Adam, and who tempted
Adam and his wife Hawwa (Eve) to disobey Allah, an act which led to
their expulsion from Paradise. He continues to try to lead people
astray, but at the Last Judgement he and his hosts will be consigned to
hell.